Tuesday, July 3, 2012

When Ice Cream Attacks: The Mystery of Brain Freeze

If it hasn't happened to you, count yourself as lucky. For many people, eating ice cream or drinking an icy drink too fast can produce a really painful headache. It usually hits in the front of the brain, behind the forehead.

The technical name for this phenomenon is cold-stimulus headache, but people also refer to it as "ice cream headache" or "brain freeze."

The good news is that brain freeze is easy to prevent ? just eat more slowly. The other bit of good news is these headaches don't last very long ? a minute at the outside.

Jorge Serrador studies brain freeze headaches, not just because he wants to make the world a safer place for ice cream eaters, but also for what they can tell him about how and why the headaches occur. He's hoping that will lead to better ways to treat or prevent them.

Serrador is the associate director of research at the War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, which is part of the Department of Veterans Affairs in East Orange, N.J. He says many veterans suffer from severe headaches after their deployments.

Joe Palca explains how to induce a brain freeze. Enlarge Maggie Starbard/NPR

Joe Palca explains how to induce a brain freeze.

Maggie Starbard/NPR

Joe Palca explains how to induce a brain freeze.

It turns out it's hard to study headaches, and a brain freeze headache is one of the few types that can be conjured up on demand.

Serrador says no one really knows yet what causes them. But there are some theories. For example, Serrador has shown that just before the brain freeze hits, there's an increase in blood flow to the front of the brain.

"That's increasing the volume and therefore increasing the localized pressure in that area," he says. The brain may be interpreting that increased pressure as pain.

"Another theory that's been put out there is that the cold actually stimulates a nerve in the roof of the mouth," says Serrador. That stimulated nerve in the mouth goes into overdrive. It sends off a barrage of signals to the brain that once again the brain interprets as "ouch."

Why the brain gets "ouch" from the cold and not "brrrrr" is a mystery.

Harvard Medical School headache researcher Elizabeth Loder says it's not all that surprising to think scientists may learn something important from studying ice cream headaches.

"Some of these things that people think of as silly or whimsical, they're actually really fascinating," says Loder, who is also president of the American Headache Society.

Like the enduring mystery of why a sweet treat prompts pain.

This article is part of Joe's Big Idea, an NPR project to explore how innovations come about.

Source: http://www.npr.org/2012/07/03/156155297/when-ice-cream-attacks-the-mystery-of-brain-freeze?ft=1&f=1007

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US may feel effects of Barclays rate scandal

Olivia Harris / Reuters

A man walks past a branch of Barclays Bank in London. The rate-fixing scandal that has rocked the bank could soon wash up on American shores.

By Roland Jones

The rate-rigging scandal that claimed the career of Barclays Bank Chairman Marcus Agius Monday may appear confined to the United Kingdom, but it has implications for this side of the Atlantic too.

Agius resigned Monday, less than one week after the British bank agreed to pay $453 million in fines to the U.S. Justice Department and the U.K.?s Financial Services Authority over charges it manipulated a short-term interest rate that is used to set the rates for all sorts of consumer bank loans, from mortgages to credit cards.

?This is very serious,? Gary Gensler, chairman of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, told CNBC Monday. He noted that the rate is used as a ?wholesale? rate between the largest and most sophisticated banks in the world. The rest of us have to pay a ?retail? rate on top of it.

?Barclays tried to 'rig the market' on its behalf," Gensler said, adding that the issue is likely to touch American pocketbooks, as there are many Americans with credit cards, mortgages and tens of thousands of small businesses who rely on ?honest benchmark rates.?

Much of the initial fallout from the LIBOR scandal has taken place in the U.K., but the scandal could soon spread overseas.

Barclays is one of a handful of international banks under investigation for rate-rigging misconduct and the first to reach a settlement with regulators. The bank has agreed to help U.S. investigators?find?other wrongdoing inside its own bank, and also at rival institutions -- potentially divulging collusion on rate-rigging among banks across the globe.

Other banks that have disclosed that they are under investigation for LIBOR manipulation include big U.S. banks, such as Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase, and also HSBC, Deutsche Bank and the Royal Bank of Scotland, according to The Wall Street Journal.

Fourteen Barclays traders based in London and New York who were at the center of the rate-fixing scandal are under?investigation by the FBI, the U.K.?s Sunday Times newspaper reported this weekend.

?LIBOR,? or the ?London Interbank Offered Rate,? may include the word London, but it is a global rate for some $360 trillion worth of financial products worldwide, such as loans, derivatives, mortgages and bonds.

The rate-fixing scandal is significant because it means Barclays -- and potentially several other banks under investigation -- has manipulated a market that affects borrowing costs on both sides of the Atlantic, meaning that borrowing costs might have been too high or too low for businesses and consumers.

Banks use LIBOR rates when they lend to one another using short term loans. During the financial crisis in 2008, LIBOR rates shot up when nervous banks stopped lending to each other, and LIBOR became one of the most closely-watched indicators of confidence in the financial system. Barclays is accused of rigging it at an artificially low rate to improve perceptions of its financial strength and then using the distorted rate to make trading profits for the bank.

Shareholders and British politicians are among those calling for Barclays CEO Bob Diamond to resign from his position. Both Agius and Diamond face the possibly of criminal charges in the U.K., and they?re both due to appear before the Treasury Select Committee in the U.K.?s Parliament this week to answer questions about the LIBOR scandal.

Roy C. Smith, a professor of finance at New York University?s Stern School of Business, noted that Diamond is unlikely to enjoy the same fate as his?fellow banking CEO Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan, who recently survived two rounds of questioning on Capitol Hill after announcing that his bank had suffered a multi-billion loss on a complex derivatives trade in the second quarter of this year.

?This is different,? Smith said. ?To what degree was the conduct corrupt? That?s what Dimon isn?t facing, but Diamond is.?

Smith also noted that the LIBOR scandal has enraged the U.K. public, now feeling the squeeze of austerity measures after being hit hard by the 2008 financial crisis. The British public has a much lower tolerance for bank misconduct than the U.S. public, he said.

?A bank?s board can only defend you to the death for a short time,? Smith said. ?After that, the board will say it?s you or us, and so they?ll undercut you. Boards tends to get very skittish when their reputation is at risk.?

He pointed to the departure of the Chief Executive of UBS Oswald Gruber after the bank lost $2.3 billion as a result of unauthorized deals at the Swiss bank by ?rogue trader? Kweku Adoboli.

Diamond?s apology and his announcement that he will forgo his bonus for the year likely won?t be enough to assuage the anger of the British public, Smith said.

?My guess is Diamond has a harder job hanging on to his job than he thinks,? he said.

Discussing the resignation of Marcus Agius of Barclays with the CFTC's Gary Gensler.

Source: http://marketday.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/02/12527226-barclays-rate-fixing-scandal-could-wash-up-on-american-shores?lite

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'Unreal': Residents tour Colo. blaze devastation

Immanuel Mgana holds his daughter Grace Mgana, 2, as he surveys what is left of their home Sunday, July 1, 2012, into the Mountain Shadows subdivision of Colorado Springs, Colo., after the Waldo Canyon fire ravaged the neighborhood. Immanuel had been deployed in the army in East Africa but was allowed to return home when he got word of the damage. So far, the blaze, now 45 percent contained, has damaged or destroyed nearly 350 homes. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, Helen H. Richardson) MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET OUT

Immanuel Mgana holds his daughter Grace Mgana, 2, as he surveys what is left of their home Sunday, July 1, 2012, into the Mountain Shadows subdivision of Colorado Springs, Colo., after the Waldo Canyon fire ravaged the neighborhood. Immanuel had been deployed in the army in East Africa but was allowed to return home when he got word of the damage. So far, the blaze, now 45 percent contained, has damaged or destroyed nearly 350 homes. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, Helen H. Richardson) MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET OUT

Melissa Mgana kisses her young daughter Sofia, 5, as she surveys what is left of their home Sunday, July 1, 2012, into the Mountain Shadows subdivision of Colorado Springs, Colo., after the Waldo Canyon fire ravaged the neighborhood. Her husband Immanuel had been deployed in the army in East Africa but was allowed to return home when he got word of the damage. So far, the blaze, now 45 percent contained, has damaged or destroyed nearly 350 homes. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, Helen H. Richardson) MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET OUT

Residents of the Mountain Shadows area view their properties on Sunday, July 1, 2012, in Colorado Springs, Colo. Even people who know their homes are still standing have some anxiety over temporary visits being allowed today to wildfire-devastated neighborhoods around Colorado Springs. About 10,000 people are still out of their homes, having been among 30,000 who initially fled the most destructive fire in Colorado's history.(AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Susannah Kay)

Cars wait in a traffic line on Vindicator Drive to check in at Eagleview Middle School in order to view their homes Sunday, July 1, 2012, in Colorado Springs, Colo. Even people who know their homes are still standing have some anxiety over temporary visits being allowed today to wildfire-devastated neighborhoods around Colorado Springs. About 10,000 people are still out of their homes, having been among 30,000 who initially fled the most destructive fire in Colorado's history.(AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Susannah Kay)

This Sunday, July 1, 2012 video image taken from AP video shows a group of firefighters raising an American flag above a section of the burned out neighborhood, Mountain Shadows, Colo. Almost 350 homes burned to the ground last week in the Waldo Canyon fire, one of many still raging across the West. (AP Photo/AP Video, C.J. Moore)

(AP) ? Cars were burned to nothing but charred metal and only concrete remained of many homes in the neighborhoods most damaged by the worst wildfire in Colorado history.

But for residents allowed Sunday to temporarily return to the area for the first time since they fled encroaching flames last week, the fact that other things were left untouched was equally jarring.

"Good Lord! I've never seen anything like this," said C.J. Moore upon her return to her two-story home, now reduced to ashes and one of nearly 350 houses that were damaged or destroyed in the Waldo Canyon fire that left two people dead.

While searching for her great-grandmother's cast-iron skillets, Moore marveled at the juxtaposition of what burned and what hadn't. "To find my mail in my mailbox, unscathed. It's just unreal," she told The Associated Press by phone. "Bird baths are fine. Some of the foliage is fine."

More than a week after it sparked on June 23, the Waldo Canyon fire was still being attacked by some 1,500 personnel. Crews working grueling shifts through the hot weekend made progress against the 28-square-mile fire, and authorities said they were confident they had built good fire lines in many areas to stop the spread of the flames.

The blaze was now 55 percent contained.

It was just one of several still burning in the West, where parched conditions and heat contributed to the woes facing crews on hundreds of square miles across Utah, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho.

In Colorado Springs, a line of cars a mile long queued up at a middle school checkpoint, where police checked the identification of returning residents and handed them water bottles.

Not far away from Moore's home, Bill Simmons and his wife, Debbie Byes, returned to their tri-level, passive-solar stucco home and found no damage ? just some ashes in the driveway.

"The water and electric's back on. You know, we're good to go," Simmons said by phone. "We're feeling pretty sad for our neighbors and pretty lucky for ourselves."

The house across the street burned to its foundation. It had a shake shingle roof. A house next door with shake shingles appeared undamaged, he said.

Unburned landscaping around the destroyed house suggested to Simmons that a stray ember rather than advancing flames was to blame. In all, three houses in their immediate neighborhood burned.

"It's crazy. The house across the street is burned to the foundation and the other side of the street is untouched," he said.

More evacuation orders were being lifted, which will bring the total number of people who remain blocked from their homes down to 3,000 from more than 30,000 at the peak of the fire.

Rich Harvey, incident commander for Waldo Canyon, said crews continue to make good progress.

"We're cautiously optimistic," he said Sunday.

The cause of the fire, which so far has cost $8.8 million to battle, has not been determined. Dangerous conditions had kept authorities from beginning their inquiry, but investigators were able to start work on Saturday.

A "bear invasion" confronted a few mountain enclaves west of Colorado Springs. The scent of trash had enticed black bears pushed out of their usual forest habitat by fire.

People who left in a hurry didn't take typical precautions to secure household trash against wildlife, said El Paso County Sheriff's Lt. Jeff Kramer.

"So that's become an attraction for the bears," Kramer said.

State game officials were trying to shoo the bears out, he said, and Dumpsters were stationed to help volunteers and returning homeowners throw stuff out. Kramer didn't know how many bears were causing problems.

Among the fires elsewhere in the West:

? Utah: Fire commanders say Utah's largest wildfire has consumed more than 150 square miles and shows no sign of burning itself out. Hundreds of firefighters are trying to hold the Clay Springs fire from advancing on the ranching towns of Scipio and Mills on the edge of Utah's west desert. The fire has destroyed one summer home and threatens 75 others. The fire was 48 percent contained on Sunday.

? Montana: Strong winds and high temperatures helped a wildfire near Lame Deer to grow by nearly 10 percent Sunday to 265 square miles. Authorities in eastern Montana called for evacuations as temperatures of about 100 degrees and winds of 20 to 30 mph pushed the Ash Creek Fire north and east toward homes and a campground.

? Wyoming: Late Sunday night, authorities called for evacuations in an area of southern Albany County where a fast-growing wildfire was burning. The area is about 30 miles southwest of Laramie in the Medicine Bow National Forest area. It wasn't immediately clear how may residences are affected. The blaze is one of several burning through parched forest lands in Wyoming.

? Idaho: Firefighters in eastern Idaho had the 1,038-acre Charlotte fire 80 percent contained Sunday but remained cautious with a forecast of high winds and hot temperatures that could put hundreds of homes at risk.

__ Nevada: More than 300 firefighters are battling a wildfire in a remote area of eastern Nevada. The 7,000 acre Egan Fire was burning about 9 miles south of the small town of Lund in the South Egan Wilderness.

__ New Mexico: A wildfire burning on the western border of Carlsbad Caverns National Park has grown to 5,000 acres. Officials said the fire is about five miles southeast of Queen and about a mile from the Carlsbad Caverns National Park boundary.

___

Associated Press writers Paul Foy in Salt Lake City and Keith Ridler in Boise, Idaho, contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-07-02-US-Western-Wildfires/id-e86651c0671a446fb201812eaa1243a4

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Gunmen Attack Churches in Northeast Kenya (Voice Of America)

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Monday, July 2, 2012

Video: Mexicans vote for new president



>> reporter: back.

>> thank you. there is another election today. mark potter reports from mexico city .

>> reporter: the lines were long as tens of millions of mexican voters went to the polls to select their new president. with complaints raised about vote buying the election is being monitored and being watched closely in the united states where mexico 's future is considered very important. jose is the main anchor for nbc's spanish network.

>> we share a 2,000 mile border. what happens here has a direct impact on the united states , drugs, immigration and these issues are intertwined.

>> reporter: the leading candidates are -- she is considered a victim of mexico 's sluggish economy and the controversial drug war . former mexico city mayor is the left wing candidate who lost last time. the leading candidate is a tellogenic former governor married to a soap opr opera star.

>> he is bright. he is energetic. that makes a great candidate.

>> reporter: from the party that ran mexico for seven straight decades before it was voted out.

>> i believe it would be a major setback for this country.

>> reporter: argued it is much different now and vows to attract foreign investment , create jobs and reduce violence as many wonder if mexico is about to embrace the future or return to a past it once rejected.

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/nightly-news/48034679/

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Sunday, July 1, 2012

Hot Weather Affects Holiday Plans

By Jim Melwert

PHILADELPHIA (CBS) ? With the mercury expected near triple-digits, a real-feel temperature of over 100 degrees, and an excessive heat warning until Sunday evening, who needs a grill for the burgers and hot dogs?

Some people say the heat and humidity is wilting their plans:

?Just relax, stay indoors.?

?I?m sure I?ll be staying in a lot this weekend, since it?s going to be like 100 degrees.?

Others say:

?Heat? What heat??

?I like being outside, I don?t care how hot it is.?

?It doesn?t bother me, just get a tan.?

But Stephanie from Phoenixville has a plan:

?I have two family members with pools so I?ll be in the pool a lot.?

The bonus, she says, is the pool belongs to someone else so she doesn?t have to worry about cleaning it.

Source: http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2012/06/30/hot-weather-affects-holiday-plans/

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Aerosmith @ the Times Union Center, 6/29/12

By GREG HAYMES

ALBANY ? It?s possible that Steven Tyler is better known these days for his television gigs on ?American Idol? and Burger King commercials than he is as?the bandleader of Boston?s bad boys of rock. But there he was, back in the saddle again at the Times Union Center on Friday night leading the charge as?Aerosmith rumbled through nearly two hours of vintage rock anthems and bawdy blues-rockers ? as well as the big power ballads ? that have been the band?s?stock in trade for more than 40 years now.

More than ever, however, Friday night?s Aerosmith concert seemed like a Steven Tyler show. The charismatic frontman has always been the band?s visual?focal point in concert, but for more than half of the performance, black-clad guitarist Brad Whitford, white-clad bassist Tom Hamilton and drummer Joey Kramer?seemed all but invisible on stage. And the trio of supporting vocalists ? who also contributed on keyboards, sax and percussion ? were tucked away behind the?stack on amplifiers, almost out of sight.

Guitarist Joe Perry did manage to frequently elbow his way into the spotlight, but it took considerable effort on his part. The manic antics of Tyler?simply soaked up the audience?s gaze like a sponge.

A runway extending out into the audience from the stage is something of an arena-rock staple these days, a staging device usually utilized somewhere near?the mid-set point for rock stars to leave the stage and get closer to the audience in an effort to conjure a forced sense of intimacy. Not Aerosmith. They?actually started off the evening with Tyler and Perry shoulder-to-shoulder at the far end of the runway ? midway out into the arena ? launching into a slash ?n? burn rendition of??Draw the Line? that was laced with Perry?s scorching slide guitar work.

Throughout the night, Tyler actually spent much more time on the runway than he did on the stage. And perhaps he?s learned more about the power of a?well aimed camera from his television work, since he also seemed to spend quite a bit of time mugging for the cameras that provided the live feed to the?video projection backdrop.

But the truth of the matter is that Tyler?s hellacious howl is as strong as ever, and he remains a magnetic presence on stage, and whether it was classics?like ?Sweet Emotion? and ?Dream On,? the amped-up boogie woogie of ?No More, No More,? the swinging funk of ?Last Child,? the sneak previews of their?upcoming album (the gritty blues-based ?Oh Yeah? and the decidedly ?Walk This Way?-ish ?Legenadry Child?) or the cheeseball ballad ?I Don?t Want to Miss a?Thing,? he invested himself in them completely and convincingly.

Cheap Trick?s hour-long opening set was sabotaged by a relentlessly murky sound mix and a less than stellar song selection, as the band back-loaded their?set with the hits ? ?Surrender,? ?The Flame,? ?I Want You to Want Me? and ?Dream Police? ? before wrapping up with ?Good Night? and the requisite appearance?of Rick Neilsen?s five-neck guitar monstrosity.

*

Aerosmith

With Cheap Trick

When: 7:30 p.m. Friday

Where: The Times Union Center, 55 South Pearl St., Albany

Musical highlights: Aerosmith?s ?Last Child? and Cheap Trick?s ?I Want You to Want Me?

Length: Aerosmith ? 110 minutes; Cheap Trick ? 60 minutes

Upcoming: After two back-to-back nights of powerhouse classic rock, the Times Union Center shifts gears to present the first indoor WGNA Countryfest at?6:30 p.m. Saturday, July 7. Eric Church headlines, with Joe Nichols, Thompson Square and Josh Thompson rounding out the bill. Tickets are $27.50, $46.50 and?$58.00.

Source: http://blog.timesunion.com/localarts/aerosmith-the-times-union-center-62912/23834/

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